HALLOWELT.C

// LED blinken lassen und Ausgabe "Hallo Welt" auf dem LC-Display

#include "led.h"
#include "lcd.h"

int main() {
	
	LED_init();
	LCD_init();
	
	LCD_instruction(LCD_DISP_ON);
	
	LED_blinken(5);
	LCD_puts("Hallo Welt");
	
	while(1) {
		LED_blinken(5);
	}	
}

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LED.C

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#include "ledmap.h"
#define delaytime 500


void LED_init() {

	//PA1 als Ausgang setzen
	LED_DDR = LED_DDR | 1 << LED_PIN;
} 

void LED_blinken() {
	int i;
	
for(i=1; i<=5; i=i+1) { 
		LED_PORT = LED_PORT | (1 << LED_PIN);//LED an
		_delay_ms(delaytime);
		LED_PORT = LED_PORT & ~(1 << LED_PIN);//LED aus
		_delay_ms(delaytime);
	}

}

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LED.H
void LED_init ();
void LED_blinken(unsigned char anzahl);

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LEDMAP.H

// LED Verbindungen mit AVR


#define LED_DDR DDRA
#define LED_PORT PORTA
#define LED_PIN PA0

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LCD.C

/*******************************************************************************
 File:		lcd.c
 Compiler:	AVR-GCC 3.3
 Hardware:	AVR
 Date:		04.06.2009

 Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text LC-Display
 4bit mode, microcontroller I/O port, write only (rw pin -> GND),
 dual- or single-line display
*******************************************************************************/

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

#include "lcd.h"
#include "lcdmap.h"


// execution time for instructions (LCD specific)
#define EXETIMELONG  1640	// execution time (us) for CLR and HOME instruction
#define EXETIMESHORT   40	// execution time (us) for all other instructions


/*******************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input:	 b		byte to write to LCD
		 rs		1: data write 
				0: instruction write
*******************************************************************************/
static void write(unsigned char b, _Bool rs)
{
	if(rs) PORT(RS_PORT) |= (1 << RS); else PORT(RS_PORT) &= ~(1 << RS);
	
	// output high nibble
	PORT(EN_PORT) |= (1 << EN);
	if(b & 0x80) PORT(DB7_PORT) |= (1 << DB7); else PORT(DB7_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB7);
	if(b & 0x40) PORT(DB6_PORT) |= (1 << DB6); else PORT(DB6_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB6);
	if(b & 0x20) PORT(DB5_PORT) |= (1 << DB5); else PORT(DB5_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB5);
	if(b & 0x10) PORT(DB4_PORT) |= (1 << DB4); else PORT(DB4_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB4);
	PORT(EN_PORT) &= ~(1 << EN);
	
	// output low nibble
	PORT(EN_PORT) |= (1 << EN);
	if(b & 0x08) PORT(DB7_PORT) |= (1 << DB7); else PORT(DB7_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB7);
	if(b & 0x04) PORT(DB6_PORT) |= (1 << DB6); else PORT(DB6_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB6);
	if(b & 0x02) PORT(DB5_PORT) |= (1 << DB5); else PORT(DB5_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB5);
	if(b & 0x01) PORT(DB4_PORT) |= (1 << DB4); else PORT(DB4_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB4);
	PORT(EN_PORT) &= ~(1 << EN);
}


/*******************************************************************************
Low-level function to write nibble to LCD controller
Input:	 byte, high nibble is written to LCD
*******************************************************************************/
static void write_nibble(unsigned char b)
{
	PORT(RS_PORT) &= ~(1 << RS);		// instruction
	
	// output high nibble
	PORT(EN_PORT) |= (1 << EN);
	if(b & 0x80) PORT(DB7_PORT) |= (1 << DB7); else PORT(DB7_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB7);
	if(b & 0x40) PORT(DB6_PORT) |= (1 << DB6); else PORT(DB6_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB6);
	if(b & 0x20) PORT(DB5_PORT) |= (1 << DB5); else PORT(DB5_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB5);
	if(b & 0x10) PORT(DB4_PORT) |= (1 << DB4); else PORT(DB4_PORT) &= ~(1 << DB4);
	PORT(EN_PORT) &= ~(1 << EN);
}


/*******************************************************************************
Initialize display, see HD44780 data sheet
After initialisation the display is off!
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_init()
{
	// configure RW pin, if available 
	#ifdef RW
	DDR(RW_PORT) |= (1 << RW);			// output
	PORT(RW_PORT) &= ~(1 << RW);		// write
	#endif
	
	// configure data pins as output
	DDR(DB7_PORT) |= (1 << DB7);
	DDR(DB6_PORT) |= (1 << DB6);
	DDR(DB5_PORT) |= (1 << DB5);
	DDR(DB4_PORT) |= (1 << DB4);
	
	// configure control pins as output
	DDR(RS_PORT) |= (1 << RS);
	DDR(EN_PORT) |= (1 << EN);
	
	_delay_us(15000);					// wait for more then 15ms
	
	write_nibble(0x30);	
	_delay_us(4100);					// wait for more then 4.1ms
	
	write_nibble(0x30);	
	_delay_us(100);						// wait for more then 100us
	
	write_nibble(0x30);
	_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
	
	write_nibble(0x20);					// Function Set: 4bit Mode
	_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
	
	#if DISPLAY_LINES == 1
	LCD_instruction(0x20);				// Function Set: 1 line, 5x8 dot character font
	#else
	LCD_instruction(0x28);				// Function Set: 2 lines, 5x8 dot character font
	#endif
	
	LCD_instruction(LCD_DISP_OFF);		// Display off, Cursor off, Blinking off
	
	LCD_instruction(LCD_CLR);			// Clear display
	
	LCD_instruction(LCD_ENTRY_INC);		// Entry Mode Set: Increment, no shift
}


/*******************************************************************************
Load custom character. This function change the cursor position!
Input:	 pointer to array of char
		 character code (0x00 - 0x07)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_loadCustomChar(unsigned char* customCharArray, unsigned char charCode)
{
	register unsigned char i;
	
	charCode = (charCode << 3);	// calculate CG RAM address
	
	// copy the 8 bytes into CG (character generator) RAM
	for(i=0; i<8; i++)
	{
		write(0x40 | (charCode + i), 0);				// set CG RAM address
		_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
		
		write(pgm_read_byte(customCharArray + i), 1);	// write character data
		_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
	}
}


/*******************************************************************************
Send instruction to LCD unit
Input:	 Instruction code (use predefined codes from lcd.h)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_instruction(unsigned char cmd)
{
	write(cmd, 0);
	if (cmd==LCD_CLR || cmd==LCD_HOME)
		_delay_us(EXETIMELONG);
	else
		_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
}


/*******************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input:	 vertical position    (0: first line)
		 horizontal position  (0: left most position)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_setpos(unsigned char y, unsigned char x)
{
	if (y==0)							// first line
		write(0x80 | x, 0);
	else								// second line
		write(0x80 | (0x40+x), 0);
	
	_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
}


/*******************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input:	 character to be displayed
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_putchar(char c)
{
	write(c, 1);
	_delay_us(EXETIMESHORT);
}


/*******************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input:	 string to be displayed
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_puts(const char *string)
{
	char c;
	
	while (c = *string++)
		LCD_putchar(c);
}
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




LCD.H

/*******************************************************************************
 File:		lcd.h
 Compiler:	AVR-GCC 3.3
 Hardware:	AVR
 Date:		04.06.2009

 Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text LC-Display
*******************************************************************************/

// Clear enter display area, restore display from shift, and load address
// counter with DD RAM adress 0x00
#define LCD_CLR                  0x01

// Restore display from shift, and load address counter with DD RAM adress 0x00
#define LCD_HOME                 0x02

// Specify cursor advance direction and display shift mode
// This operation takes place after each data transfer
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC            0x04	// cursor moves to the left
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC            0x06	// cursor moves to the right
#define LCD_ENTRY_DEC_SHIFT      0x05	// shift display to the left
#define LCD_ENTRY_INC_SHIFT      0x07	// shift display to the right

// Specify activation of display, cursor, and blinking of character
#define LCD_DISP_OFF             0x08	// display off
#define LCD_DISP_ON              0x0C	// display on
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR       0x0E	// display on, cursor on
#define LCD_DISP_ON_BLINK        0x0D	// display on, blink char
#define LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK 0x0F	// display on, cursor on, blink char

// Shift display or move cursor
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_LEFT     0x10	// move cursor left  (decrement)
#define LCD_MOVE_CURSOR_RIGHT    0x14	// move cursor right (increment)
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_LEFT       0x18	// shift display left
#define LCD_MOVE_DISP_RIGHT      0x1C	// shift display right


/*******************************************************************************
Initialize display, see HD44780 data sheet
After initialisation the display is off!
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_init();


/*******************************************************************************
Load custom character. This function change the cursor position!
Input:	 pointer to array of char
		 character code (0x00 - 0x07)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_loadCustomChar(unsigned char* customCharArray, unsigned char charCode);


/*******************************************************************************
Send instruction to LCD unit
Input:	 Instruction code (use predefined codes from lcd.h)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_instruction(unsigned char);


/*******************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input:	 vertical position    (0: first line)
		 horizontal position  (0: left most position)
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_setpos(unsigned char, unsigned char);


/*******************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input:	 character to be displayed
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_putchar(char);


/*******************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input:	 string to be displayed
*******************************************************************************/
void LCD_puts(const char *);

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



LCDMAP.H

/*******************************************************************************
 File:		lcdmap.h
 Compiler:	AVR-GCC 3.3
 Hardware:	AVR
 Date:		21.05.2009

 LCD hardware settings and pin connections
 Layout for olimex-board
*******************************************************************************/

#define DISPLAY_LINES 1			// Display Lines (1 or 2)

#define RS_PORT B				// register select
#define RS PB0

#define RW_PORT B				// read/write
#define RW PB1

#define EN_PORT B				// enable
#define EN PB2

#define DB4_PORT D
#define DB4 PD4
#define DB5_PORT D
#define DB5 PD5
#define DB6_PORT D
#define DB6 PD6
#define DB7_PORT D
#define DB7 PD7

// extend register names with port characters
#define GLUE(a, b)		a##b
#define PORT(x)			GLUE(PORT, x)
#define PIN(x)			GLUE(PIN, x)
#define DDR(x)			GLUE(DDR, x)