of operational amplifiers. I = 0 I = 0 (11.4) 1 3 V2= V max ·2 arctan π ·G·(V −1V ) 3 (11.5) π 2·V max 127 with V being the maximum output voltage swing and G the voltage amplification. To model max the small-signal behaviour (AC analysis), it is necessary to differentiate: ∂V2 G g = ∂(V 1 V 3 = π 2 (11.6